This study constitutes a revision of the Digonoporid Lithophora Proseriata which correspond to the Monocelididae sensu Karling 1966a. The revision is based on morphological and karyological investigations. Morphological research is performed on living animals as well as on whole mounts and sectioned material. For about 30 species the copulatory organs are reconstructed using serial sections. Karyological investigation consist of a and p karyology. Both morphological and karyological data are used for phylogenetic analysis and the new system proposed reflects the hypothesized genealogical relationships. Since the beginning of our studies, the total amount of species described for this group has increased from 81 to 133, 41 of which are described by us. In the systematic section of this study, the group is treated in a partly monographic way. The family Monocelididae sensu Karling 1966a is split into two families: the Monocelididae Hofsten, 1907 with five subfamilies, two of which are new and one is re-established, and the family Archimonocelididae Meixner, 1938 grad.n. with two subfamilies, one of which is new and the other is re-established. Three new genera are described. The genus Pistrix Marcus, 1951 is synonymized with Mesoda Marcus,1949. In addition to the 41 new species, 7 species are re-described and for 12 species additional data are given. Most of these species were up to now only known from the original description. Twelve species are transferred to other genera, one of them is a re-established species.
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